UNIT 1 مدخالت معالجة مخرجات

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1 UNIT 1 مدخالت معالجة مخرجات Robots are machines that can be used to do jobs a human might do. Automated: can do the work of human by themselves Manual/computer controlled: must have a person telling them what to do. Autonomous: they make decisions by themselves. They do not need a human to program every step for them. These are simple decisions like deciding how to move and where to move.

2 Types of robots. Medical Robot: These can be used to help doctors do their work. Joysticks are used, through computers, to manually control them so that doctors have exact control. Cleaning robot: These are usually small autonomous or manually programmed robots. They can clean around your home or work without you having to do anything. They use sensors to know where it is going and where it should go to clean your floors. Military robot: Militaries use robots to go into places that would be too dangerous for a human to go. If a task is too dangerous robots can be used remotely. Industrial robot: These are usually large robots that some factories use to build or help build its products. You would see car companies using large industrial robots to assemble its cars like Toyota. Entertainment robot: You may already have an entertainment robot. These can be very simple robots that are programmed to perform tasks to entertain you. These are simple robots like some toy robots you can buy at a toy store. Space exploration robot: Space industries like NASA use robots the help them explore space. These robots can have a lot of sensors, control systems and actuators. They help it get through the harsh surroundings and collect information.

3 What makes a robot? A robot has three main parts. The Sensors for input, the Control System (which is the brain) and an actuator or output. Input (sensors) Control System (brain) Output (actuator) Input/Sensors Input is the instructions given to the robot to perform some specific task. Sensors are used to tell a robot about its surroundings. Some examples of sensors a robot uses are: Light sensors - for detecting light or brightness Sound sensors- measure how intense a sound is Ultrasonic sensors - use sound waves to detect distance Touch sensors -touched by an object to operate Temperature sensors - detect the ambient temperature Humidity sensors - detect the moisture in the surroundings Control System (Brain) A control system is a device that manages or controls the behavior of other systems. These act as the brain in any robotic system. These do all the processing for the robot. These processes are actions based on the inputs. They come in many shapes and sizes. Output/Actuator Output is the result you get based on your input and processing. An actuator is the part of the robot that performs a physical action.

4 UNIT 3 متغير نوع البيانات

5 A variable is a way of naming and storing a value for later use in a program. It is your programs storage. Each variable would have a set datatype. A datatype specifies which type of value a variable has so an operation can be applied to it without causing an error. Declare a variable: write a variable with its datatype. datatypes int an integer or whole number is an. float a fractional number. char a single character is string. a word or sentence datatypes Definition Variable Declaration Example Integer (int) Whole numbers (positive and negative) int x = 5 ; 380, -200 Float (float) Decimal numbers (positive and negative) float num = 2.5 ; 2.6, -9.1 String (string) Words or sentences declared between string a = year of zayed hello, Zayed Character (char) Single character declared between char n = y Y, n, f, m

6 What are operators? Operators in programming are symbols that tells your program to perform specific mathematical, relational or logical operation and produce a final result. Comparison Operators You use the comparison operators to compare variables with different numbers, strings or other variables.

7 Boolean operators hold only 1 or 0, True or False, Low or High Mathematical Operators operators used to do mathematical operation in programs.

8 End of unit Quiz Why should you make flowcharts before starting to write your code? This makes it easier to build your program and is to make sure your program does what it is meant to when you finish. What do you use variables for in your programs? This is your programs storage, you use it to store values for use in the program later. Give three examples of different datatypes: int, float, string. What operator would you use to check if two variables are the same? = = Write, using the correct operator, how you would get the remainder of 67 divided by 2: 67 % 2